Anatomy Checklist:
Neck
– Cylinder: neck from first rib under pit of neck, cylinder modified by adam’s apple in front, sterno-mast. muscle in front and side, trapezius and spine in back
– Neck moves with head
– Sternomastoid muscle runs from ear to clavicle head, forms v-shape
– Trapezius in back (banana shape)
– Pit between trapezius and sternomastoid
– Adam’s apple (thyroid cartilage) prominent in males, women’s neck more rounded
– Triangle of neck formed by: 1.Jaw line; 2. Sternomastoid; 3. Hyoid bone
– Moveable centre line from chin to pit of neck
– Base skull in line with base nose
– c7 (seventh cervical vertebrae) prominent, first rib below
– Spine, centre line
– Clavicles from sternum to bump of acromium process at spine of scapula
– Rib cage flattened egg shape with small end at top
– Sternum, flat bone half way rib cage
– Tenth rib prominent
– Rib cage plane breaks, front and back
Upper torso
– Spine has 24 vertebrae: 5 lumber (between ribs and pelvis, largest, flexible; students often omit these!) 12 thoracic (gives rise to ribs, least flexible) 7 cervical (most flexible, pedestal for skull)
– Note: atlas (cerv.1) and vertical prominence (crrv.7), important landmark. Spine shows in mid region
– Thorax (rib cage) protects chest cavity, anchor for muscles
– Ribs wider than deep, man is only animal that can lie on his back without rolling over
– Plane break where rib bone meets cartilage
– Thoracic arch prominent, may reach 90 degrees
– Sternum thrusts down and out
– Eighth rib widest
– Breates in middle third rib cage
– Scapula: triangular shape, spine of scapula prominent, parallels sternum, gives socket for humerus
– Scapula joins clavicle (acromium process), forms moveable shoulder girdle, glides over ribs
– Scapula lags behind humerus elevation till arm rises above the horizontal then quickly catches up
– Clavicle: only bony connection between arm and trunk, last bone to obtain full growth, note hollows above and below middle clavicle
Arm
– Humerus: head ball and socket joint, under acromium process
– Humerus approx. two sternum/scapula lengths
– Connects with ulna (hinge joint) and radius at elbow
– Elbow level with twelfth rib
– Flexed elbow: note three bumps
– Lower arm shorter than upper
– Ulna at elbow like claw, grasps humerus, important landmark
– Ulna bump at little finger side, important landmark
– Ulna superficial entire length separates muscle groups
– Radius: slender at elbow, at wrist large to join with carpals
– Suppination, both bones parallel with thumb facing away from body, palm up, slender upper forearm
– Pronation, radius rotates, includes shoulder
– Upper forearm rounded, at wrist end block like
Hand
– Wrist consists of 8 small bones called carpals, conceive as quarter of apple, skin side touching radial end
– Metacarpals lie fanwise in palm, except thumb radiate from point at radial end
– Third knuckle halfway between finger tip and radial end
– Look for row of knuckles
– Wrist changes shape, sometimes round or flat
– Fingers consist of 14 phalanges, thumb two phalanges
– Each finger 3 phalanges: 1. Proximal (rings worn); 2. Median (wrap on doors); and 3. Distal (fingernails). Phalanges 1 and 2 equal 3 in length
– Third finger longest
– Thumb joint on same line with knuckles
– Palm longer than back hand
– Palm like shallow bowl with square sides
– Back of hand: bony and tendinous
– Hand mainly bones with two muscles at thumb and little finger side
– Note: lines of palm
– Back of hand: plane break along metacarpal 2
Lower torso
– Spine joins sacrum at ninety degrees
– Sacrum: triangular shape, holy bone, bounded above by two dimples (sacral dimples) and cleft below (coccyx) (end of buttock split)
– Coccyx on line with top of great trochanter and symphisis pubis bone, which is halfway height point
